| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Marcello Siniscalco ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Marcello Siniscalco
Marcello Siniscalco (31 July 1924 – 29 November 2013) was an Italian scientist at the forefront of the development of the nascent field of genetics.〔http://ricerca.gelocal.it/lanuovasardegna/archivio/lanuovasardegna/2013/11/30/OR_39_02.html〕〔http://www.scienzainrete.it/files/il_genetista_della_malaria.pdf〕 A contemporary of Watson and Crick,〔http://libgallery.cshl.edu/items/browse/tag/Siniscalco,+Marcello〕 he spent a significant part of his international career heading the Department of Somatic Cell Genetics at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York,〔Kotin, R. M., Siniscalco, M., Samulski, R. J., Zhu, X. D., Hunter, L., Laughlin, C. A., ... & Berns, K. I. (1990). Site-specific integration by adeno-associated virus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 87(6), 2211-2215. www.pnas.org/content/87/6/2211.full.pdf〕 but throughout his life maintained ties to his home country of Italy. Siniscalco pioneered the study of population and molecular genetics through his research on the population of Sardinia, analyzing the genes responsible for thalassemia and G6PD deficiency syndrome, among others.〔Siniscalco M., Bernini L., & Latte B. 1961. Favism and thalassaemia in Sardinia and their relationship to malaria. Nature, 190: 1179-1180.〕〔Siniscalco M., Bernini L., Filippi G., Latte B., Meera Khan P., Piomelli S.& Rattazzi M. 1966. Population genetics of haemoglobin variants, thalassaemia and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, with particular reference to the malaria hypothesis. Bull. World Health Organ., 34: 379-393. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2475975/pdf/bullwho00612-0061.pdf〕 Siniscalco also played an important role in the development of the Human Genome Organization (HUGO) in its early years,〔http://hugo-international.org/abt_history.php〕 and was ultimately awarded the title of Commendatore by the Italian government in recognition of his contributions to his field.〔http://www.quirinale.it/elementi/DettaglioOnorificenze.aspx?decorato=226307〕
==Early years==
Marcello Siniscalco was born in Naples in 1924, the son of Raffaele Siniscalco, a hides and leather goods merchant, and Elena Funicella. Southern Italy offered stark choices at the time: poverty was the norm, Fascism was on the rise, and adolescents were politically indoctrinated in state-sponsored youth groups. Marcello instead found his niche as an intellectual influenced by early 20th century philosopher Benedetto Croce and historian Adolfo Omodeo. Siniscalco developed a reputation for challenging the "powers that be" with his poetry and anti-establishment views. By the time of the outbreak of World War II, a teen-aged Siniscalco moved with his family to the small town of Cava de' Tirreni, fifty kilometers from Naples, in order to escape the heavy Allied bombardments of the city and its harbor. By the age of 17, he became engaged to Emma (Emanuela) De Filippis, whom he married 8 years later.
During the war, Marcello matriculated at the University of Naples to study medicine and become a doctor, of which there was a desperate shortage. Throughout his medical studies, however, he also continued to invest in his intellectual passions. In 1943, together with his older brother Gino, he founded a cultural association and cinema group that brought many prominent intellectuals to Cava de' Tirreni, among them actor, dramatist and Neapolitan poet Eduardo de Filippo (many of whose poems Marcello would recite in Neapolitan dialect by memory throughout his life).
Although he never pursued a career as a practicing doctor, it was his training in biology, and the tutelage of his mentor Professor Giuseppe Montalenti during the late 1940s and early 1950s at the Stazione Zoologica at the Naples Aquarium, that enabled Marcello to discover the nascent field of genetics. As a part of his doctorate in 1948, he completed a study on the relationship between nucleic acid metabolism and protein synthesis carried out in tiny crustaceans. This was one of the earliest known works attempting to understand the link between DNA and RNA (the central dogma of molecular biology), contributing to a school of academic thought which culminated in Watson and Crick’s Nobel-prize winning discovery a decade later. This was the beginning of a successful period during which Siniscalco pursued research based at the University of Naples, collaborating closely with a variety of other prominent Italian scientists of the time.〔Capocci, M. (2006). The golden age of human genetics in Italy. Journal of Anthropological Sciences, 84, 85-95. www.isita-org.com/jass/Contents/2006%20vol84/Jass2006Final/06-CAPOCCI.pdf〕〔Silvestroni E., Bianco I., Montalenti G. & Siniscalco M. 1950. Frequency of microcythemia in some Italian districts. Nature, 165: 682-683. www.nature.com/nature/journal/v165/n4200/abs/165682a0.html〕〔Istochimiche, S. V. M. E., Nelle, D., & Secretrici, C. (1952). Marcello Siniscalco. Caryologia, 4.〕〔Bianco, I., Ceppellini, R., Silvestroni, E., & Siniscalco, M. (1954). Data for the study of linkage in man. Microcythaemia and the Lewis-Secretor characters. Annals of human genetics, 19(2), 81-89. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-1809.1954.tb01266.x/abstract〕〔Silvestroni, E., Bianco, I., Montalenti, G., & Siniscalco, M. (1954). Genic equilibrium of Microcythaemia in some Italian districts. www.nature.com/nature/journal/v173/n4399/abs/173357a0.html〕〔Ceppellini R. & Siniscalco M. 1955. Una nuova ipotesi genetica per il sistema lewis-secretore e suoi riflessi nei riguardi di alcune evidenze di linkage con altri loci. Rivista dell’Istituto Sieroterapico Italiano, 30: 431-445.〕〔Ceppellini R., Siniscalco M.& Smith C. A. 1955. The estimation of gene frequencies in a random-mating population. Ann Hum Genet, 20(2): 97-115. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-1809.1955.tb01360.x/abstract〕〔Siniscalco M., Bernini L., & Latte B. 1961. Favism and thalassaemia in Sardinia and their relationship to malaria. Nature, 190: 1179-1180.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Marcello Siniscalco」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|